ACID-BASE BALANCE; THE WHOLE CONCEPT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND BICARBONATE IONS

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Introduction

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Our body is made up of some vital components, the blood is one of that. It carries some important ions which are very important for smoothening the metabolic function of our body.
Let’s discuss the interesting mechanism of co₂and HCO₃. To maintain the homeostasis, there is an equilibrium takes place between CO₂and HCO_3.This is called the Acid-Base balance.
By the help of ABG(atrial blood gas) analysis, we can detect the imbalance.it has been done with the ABG analyzer.
What is pH ?
The normal body p^Hof human is 7.35 to 7.45. if there is any kind of alteration occurs then it leads to an acid-base imbalance of the blood.
basically, if the blood p^His lower than 7.35 then it can be acidosis and if the blood p^His higher than 7.45 than it can be alkalosis.
Besides it, two
vital ions are CO₂ and HCO_3.both are carried out an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance.
What’s the role of CO₂and HCO₃?
The normal value of CO₂in blood is,
PCO₂=35-45 mm/Hg
The normal value of bicarbonate ions in the blood are,
HCO₃ =22-26mmol/L
If there is any kind of alteration occurs which means if the PCO₂ is more then 45. this condition is called respiratory acidosis.
If the PCO₂ is less than 35 mm/Hg, it is called respiratory alkalosis.
Like that, if there is an increase in the value of HCO₃, Means the value of HCO₃ is more than 26mmol/ L.Then it is called metabolic alkalosis.
In the same way, if there is a decrease in the value of HCO₃ which means the value of HCO₃ is less than 22mmol/L. It is called metabolic acidosis.
Hence it is clear that the respiratory and metabolic mechanism of acid-base balance is work to compensate each other and also to maintain an equilibrium.
How to identify the respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?
As the PCO₂ is related to the respiratory mechanism of the body. so any kind of changes in the PCO₂ brings changes in the equilibrium between acid and base.
The respiratory acidosis mainly depends on the PCO₂value in blood and also the p^H value. If the p^H value is less than 7.35 and the PCO₂ value is more than 45mm/Hg. Then it is called respiratory acidosis.
In the same way, if the value of P^H is more than 7.45 and the value of PCO₂ is less than 35 mm/Hg. then it is called respiratory alkalosis.
How to identify metabolic acidosis and alkalosis?
As all the metabolic process of the body is related to the renal system, it’s called metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. To determine if we should focus on the value of HCO₃ and P^H.
If there is an increase in P^H value and also an increase in the value of HCO₃, it is called metabolic alkalosis. ( HCO₃is more than 26 mmol/L.
If there is a decrease in P^H value and also the value of HCO₃ also less( less than 22mmol/L). then is called metabolic alkalosis.
In this way, we can know, where it is respiratory or metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.